Main Application Markets of Aluminum Hydroxide in Industry

Introduction to Aluminum Hydroxide

Aluminum hydroxide, with the chemical formula Al(OH)₃, is a versatile inorganic compound that serves as a crucial raw material and functional additive across numerous industries. Its unique properties, including flame retardancy, acid reactivity, and filler characteristics, make it indispensable in modern manufacturing processes. The industrial value of aluminum hydroxide is intrinsically linked to its physical properties, particularly its particle size distribution, morphology, and purity, all of which are determined during the processing and grinding stages.

The production of high-quality aluminum hydroxide powder requires advanced milling technology to achieve the precise fineness and particle shape demanded by end-use applications. Inefficient grinding can lead to inconsistent product quality, reduced performance in final products, and higher operational costs. Therefore, selecting the appropriate grinding equipment is paramount for producers aiming to capture value in these diverse markets.

Flame Retardant Industry

The largest application market for aluminum hydroxide is as a flame retardant filler. When exposed to heat, Al(OH)₃ decomposes endothermically, releasing water vapor (approximately 35% of its mass) which dilutes combustible gases and cools the substrate. The resulting alumina residue forms a protective, insulating char layer. This mechanism makes it an effective, non-toxic, and halogen-free alternative to other flame retardants.

It is extensively used in:

• Polymer Compounds: Filling ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) for cable sheathing, polyolefins (PP, PE), PVC, and rubber products. The required fineness typically ranges from 800 to 2500 mesh (D97 ≤ 20μm to 5μm) to ensure good dispersion and surface finish without compromising the mechanical properties of the polymer.
• Construction Materials: Added to paints, coatings, and synthetic marble to improve fire resistance.
• Transportation: Used in composites for automotive, train, and aircraft interiors to meet stringent fire safety standards.

The effectiveness of ATH as a flame retardant is highly dependent on its particle size and distribution. Ultra-fine grades with a narrow particle size distribution offer superior dispersion within the polymer matrix and a higher surface area, which enhances the endothermic decomposition effect.

Filler and Extender Applications

Due to its whiteness, low abrasiveness, and chemical inertness, aluminum hydroxide is a valuable filler and extender. It improves mechanical properties, surface quality, and brightness in various materials.

Key applications include:

• Paper Coating: Provides high brightness, smoothness, and ink absorbency. Medium fineness grades are common.
• Paints and Coatings: Acts as a functional filler, improving sheen, scrub resistance, and fire retardancy.
• Adhesives and Sealants: Used as a cost-effective extender that also enhances fire performance.
• Toothpaste: Serves as a gentle, white abrasive agent in formulations.

For these applications, a consistent and controlled particle size is critical to achieve the desired optical and physical properties in the final product.

Chemical Industry and Raw Material

Aluminum hydroxide is the primary precursor for the manufacture of other aluminum compounds. Its acid reactivity makes it a key raw material in various chemical synthesis processes.

Major derivatives include:

• Aluminum Sulfate (Alum): Produced by reacting Al(OH)₃ with sulfuric acid. Alum is widely used in water treatment as a coagulant, in paper sizing, and as a fireretardant.
• Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC): A highly effective coagulant for water and wastewater treatment, produced from aluminum hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.
• Aluminum Fluoride and Cryolite: Essential components in the electrolytic process for aluminum smelting.
• Zeolites and Catalysts: Used as a starting material in the synthesis of various catalysts and molecular sieves.

In these applications, chemical reactivity is paramount. While extreme fineness is not always required, a consistent and predictable surface area and particle morphology are essential for controlled reaction rates and yields.

Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Industries

High-purity, pharmaceutical-grade aluminum hydroxide is utilized for its antacid properties. It neutralizes stomach acid and is a key ingredient in many over-the-counter medications for heartburn and indigestion.

In cosmetics, its gentle abrasive and oil-absorbing properties make it a common ingredient in facial scrubs, blushes, and foundations. For these sensitive applications, the highest levels of purity and precisely controlled, ultra-fine particle sizes are non-negotiable to ensure product safety and efficacy.

The Critical Role of Grinding Technology

The vast range of applications for aluminum hydroxide necessitates an equally diverse range of product specifications. No single grinder can optimally serve all markets. Producing the coarse grades for chemicals, the medium grades for fillers, and the ultra-fine grades for advanced polymers requires specialized equipment designed for specific tasks.

Key challenges in grinding aluminum hydroxide include:

• Achieving target fineness (from 45μm to 5μm) without compromising throughput.
• Maintaining low iron contamination to preserve product whiteness and chemical purity.
• Controlling particle morphology to ensure optimal performance in the final application.
• Managing heat generation during milling to prevent premature dehydration of the hydroxide.
• Ensuring energy efficiency to maintain production cost-effectiveness.

Recommended Solution: SCM Ultrafine Mill

For producers targeting the high-value flame retardant, pharmaceutical, and specialty filler markets where ultra-fine grades (325-2500 mesh) are required, our SCM Series Ultrafine Mill represents the ideal technological solution.

This mill is engineered to overcome the specific challenges of fine grinding:

• High Efficiency & Energy Savings: It delivers twice the capacity of jet mills while reducing energy consumption by 30%. Its intelligent control system automatically adjusts operational parameters to maintain the target成品细度 (finished product fineness – D97 ≤5μm), ensuring consistent quality.
• Superior Classification Accuracy: The integrated vertical turbo-classifier provides precise particle size切割 (cutting), eliminating coarse powder contamination and guaranteeing a uniform product with a narrow size distribution—critical for polymer integration.
• Exceptional Durability & Purity: The grinding rollers and ring are manufactured from special wear-resistant materials, extending service life and significantly reducing the risk of iron contamination, thereby protecting the product’s whiteness.
• Environmental Compliance: The pulse dust collection system exceeds international standards for efficiency, ensuring a clean working environment. The soundproof room design keeps operational noise below 75dB.

With models like the SCM1250 (handling 2.5-14 tons/hour with a 185kW motor) or the high-capacity SCM1680

Alternative Solution: MTW Series Trapezium Mill

For applications requiring medium-fine aluminum hydroxide powders, particularly in the chemical raw material and standard filler sectors, our MTW Series Trapezium Mill offers a robust and cost-effective solution. Capable of producing powders from 30 to 325 mesh (0.038mm), it is renowned for its reliability and low maintenance costs. Its innovative curved air duct and wear-resistant design make it perfectly suited for high-volume production of consistent quality powder.

Conclusion

The industrial applications of aluminum hydroxide are extensive and growing, driven by the demand for safer, more environmentally friendly materials and processes. Success in this market hinges on the ability to produce a wide spectrum of high-quality powders that meet exact customer specifications. Investing in the right grinding technology is not an operational expense but a strategic decision that directly impacts product quality, market access, and profitability. For manufacturers aiming to excel in producing the finest grades of aluminum hydroxide, advanced mills like the SCM Series are indispensable tools for achieving competitive advantage and driving future growth.